Line filter



Sept. 11, 1928.

C. G. HAWLEY LINE FILTER Filed March 9, 1926 Patented Sept. 11, 1928.

UNITED STATES P TENT OFFICE;

CHARLES GILBERT HAWLEYQ OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO CENTRIFIX COR-PORATION, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

LINE FILTER.

Application filed March 9. 1926. Serial No. 93,462.

In particular, the invention relates to 'filv tration as performed upona flowingstream, wvithout resort to the use of screens.

This invention has to do with the filtration' or purification ofwater'and .other liquids, notably petroleum and chemical liquids.

A special object of the invention is to. provide a socalled filter headof the impact type made familiar in my companion application 93,275 andwhich shall be adapted I for an attachment to and use with large reservoirs or drums in which the separated substances may beheld for atime.

The invention will bereadily' understood on reference to theaccompanying drawing, in which Fig. 1 is a. vertical section offiltering-apparatus embodying the present invention; Fig. 2 is ahorizontal section on the lineQ of Fig. 1; and, Fig. 3 is a horizontalsection on the line i It is very common to accomplish the separation ofsubstances by a. change of direction. By this invention the separationis accomplished in the same direction as that in which the liquid flows.I apprehend that therein lies the secret of the small loss or drop ofpressure between the intake and the outlet of my novel filter. It willshortly be observed that this accomplishment of sepa'- ration in thedirection of flow, andbefore there is any change in the direction of theflow of thezmain carrying stream of fluid takes place in both oftheseparating actions that characterize this ii ter. Thus, in the firststage of action the flowing stream of liquid is caused to impact therelativelynonresistant surface ofasubstantially quiescent body of thesame liquid with the result that the heavier particles carried by theentely ing stream are lodged in and sink below said non-resistantsurface, much as a bullet is brought to a stop on penetrating a bank ofearth as contrasted with the action of a bullet when shot against asteel plate. Then 7 follows the second stage or step of the processwhich I term anupward impact separa- The primary object of theinventionis to heavier impurities.

.not require the other.

ofthe aforementioned filter heads.

tension 3, to be again referred to.

tion, and wherein the lighter substancesthat maybe carried by the fluid,for example, light 011s, and gases are separated from the nowlng stream;again, in the directlon of its flow. Such is the complete process of mylnvention and thereby liquidscan be freed. of substantially all foreignsubstances that are not in an actual state of solution. I in the secondstep of the operation as above outlinedthere is a difference to beobserved over the first impact stage or step. The snbstances which areseparated in the d rection of the flow are separated by the impulslon ofthe main stream in that direction a dedby gravity as represented by thedifference in weight of the lighter substances and the carrying fluid.ogyof the bullet and the bank of earth the analogy for the secondstep ofthe opera tion may be more suitably found in .a lighter ob ectwhich-isbeing driven into a heavier substance by the force of a hammerthat either acts with such frequency, or with such suddonness as topropel the li hter obect into the heavier substance without breaking upthe lighter article. Obviously the operation may be reversed, firstremov-, mg the li hter substances and then the The process is purelymechanical in its nature. Itsfun cti ons and effects as reviewed from achemical standpoint are necessarily incdental to the mechanicaloperations.

'Each step ofthe process and eachpartof the apparatus is capable ofseparate use in cases that for one reason or another do i t is believedthat theqforegoing brief statement will serve to properly supplement andclarify the following detailed description of the apparatus and itsoperation. The apparatus here shown embraces two These are marked A andB respectively, and close ly resemble each other. They are relativelyinverted as required by the work to be done. The headA comprises acylindrical body portion 2-provided with an intermediate flange 8. Thelatterhas a perpendicular ex- The top of the body 2 isentered by thedownward direction pipe .4, which is about one-half the diameterof'thebody 2. .At the top, the pipe is formed into an elbow 5, having asuitable-pipe fiange5'. It is also 1 char- Instead of the anal- I I irality of boltsli.

upper end 16.

by the upward direction pipe 17 The lat acterized by the central boss 6.'Near its top and laterally opposite the lower aud t" of the down pipe1, is the fluid outlet 7, also provided: \\'-itli suitable pipe flange7. The interior of the body is bored to receive the ringdike member 8;which is adapted to slide vertically therei' by means of the central rod9, that extends through the boss 6 andisthere adj 'ustably fastened. Theattaclm'ient betwecnthe rod and the ring isma'de by'means' of the arms8. The top oi the ring is characterized by :i' smaller or "'rictedcollars", which forms the impact orifice 1O of the filter. That orifice10 is somewhat larger than the pipe 1-, to allow for the er'cpa on ofthe dm'vnwurd moving strcam' as indicated by the dotted lines 11, ofFig. 1', and as better expi'ained' hereinafter.

tention is called to the f; modzous r A and st ioim'ding the streammentioned.

1 The tank 12 represents anysu-itab'l e source of the liquid to befiltered or treated The liquid enters the filter head through theconnection 12, that joins the elbow 5.

' The filter or p rifier head A is attached to the top of the sludgedrum or reservoir C. To this end, the flange 3 of the filter head ct that a C011? next above shaped to fit tightly against the top 0 ofv thedrum C and is secured thereto by a plu- The lower end '2 of the body 2extends downward through a central opening in the top 0. It pro ectsconsiderably below the drum top and thus completes the trap space o inthe topof the drum C. 141- represents a blow-off pipe that leads fromthe trapspace 0 last mentioned,

15 represents a sludge discharging valve at the bottomof the drum C.

Theh'ead P; comprises a body portion 16 that is closed atthe lower endand open at its The lower end is entered ter is joined by the pipe 18;,that leads from the outlet 7, of the head A. The outlet 19, of the headB, is positioned at the lower end of the head, opposite the upper end 17of the direction pipe 17. The head 16 has flanges 20 and 20,corresponding to the flanges 8 and 3, and is thereby attached to thebottom d of the large demo or drum '13. Preferably, the upper end of thebody 16 contains an intermediate-cone 21, supported therein by arms 22,and forming the annular impact separation space 23 above the outlet 19.The upper end of the body extends far enough into the drum D to form inthe bottom thereof be lifted into the drum'by the force of the upgoingstream from the direction pipe 17. is'a drain pipe by which the SedimentIt is so adjiirstedfl V p of the liquid under treatment.

the purified liquid ace 0 is )rovi'd ed within the head may be removedWithout otherwise'emptying the drum. The top of the drum contains avalved gas outlet 25; and part Way down on'theside of the drum,is'availved light liquid outlet 26 forv the discharge of the floatingsubstances.

The line "WL represents the upper surface The line Vt representsthetopisurface of a lighter liquid that has accumulated thereon.

" 27 represents the line'pipe. Whiclrleads away I from the filter outletl9. i

It will be noted that there are no valves within the liquid passages andspaces of this filtering apparatus The valve 28 n the line pipe 27serves to control the few from the tank or other source.

Normally the apparatus is filledwithliq-v uid and the same ri e s in thedrum D, sub

stanti'a'lly to the height of the liquid at the,

source. However, the level- WL in thedrum may be controlled by leavingbody of gas under p "essure in thedrum top D. When the line valve 28 isopened, the liquid flows through the following parts, to wit: 12, 5, 4a,at, 7, 18,17, h, and 27. The flow should not'penetrate either drum C 01D. Instead, the stream of liquid pouring downward from the directionpipe 4, squarely impacts the surface of the liquid, occupying thed'rumjC, at the top ofthe ring 8. -The expanded stream as indicated bythe lines 11, substantially fills the orifice 8 at the top'of the drumC, and as will be apparent, impacts a quiescent body of liquid in theorifice and drum. The top or surface 'o'f'that body furnishes thenon-resistant impact surface as above mentioned. The

downward moving heavier substances con-. tained by the-liquid impact andpenetrate this surface and thus start down into the drum C, while thecarrier liquid moves outward into the surrounding space A and thenceleaves the head A through the pas sage'7. By raising or'lowering-theorifice ring 8 (by means of the adjusting rod 9) it is easy to securethe proper relation between, and the best functioning of, thedirecting-nozzle 4L and the orifice'ring 8-. vBy

moving the latter downward it is accommodated to higher liquidvelocities. By raising it, the filter is made eflicient with a slowlymoving stream of liquid;

passes the outlet 19 and'impactsltheliquid,

which fills the upper part of the lread Band the lower partof the drumD. In so doing,

the lighter oils, the bubbles of gas,or other floatable substances, aredelivered into the lower part of the drum D, whence they immediatelyrise to and above the liquid level W L. The function of the central cone21 is to limit the upward penetration of the stream from the pipe 7without preventing the rise of the lighter particles; and, to prevent atendency toward a vortexial return flow from the drum D into the head15.

The finally purified carrier liquid is discharged through the lateralopening 19, as before indicated. The lighter. substances separated atthe surface WL may be removed continuously or intermittently.

The herein described process and apparatus for forcibly separatingsolids, stratifiable liquids and gases are capable of considerablemodification; as will bereadily apparent to those who are skilled in theart; and, the apparatus is capable of widely different uses. v

Having thus described my invention I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent:

1.-The improvement herein described, comprising a generally cylindricaland longitudinally extended head, closed at one end and open at theother, in combination with a direction pipe substantially coaxial withsaid head and extending inward through the closed end thereof, anout-let extending from the side of said head, laterally opposite theinner end ol said pipe, and, a flange upon the exterior of said head,for its attachment to a drum or pocket. 3

2; The improvement herein described,

comprising a generally cylindrical and 1011-' lgitudinally extendedhead, closed at one end and open at the other, in combination withgitudinally extended head, closed at one end and open at the other, incombination with a direction pipe substantially coaxial vwith said headand extending inward through the closed end thereof, an outlet extendingfrom the side of said head, laterally opposite the inner end of saidpipe, an orifice ring forming the open end'ot' said head, of lessdiameter than said head, of greater diameter than said pipe, andslidably longitudinal in said head, and means for sliding'and holdingsaid ring,

4. The improvement herein described, comprising a generally cylindricalandlongitudinally extended head, closed at one end and open at theother, in combination with a direct-ion pipe'substantially coaxial withsaid head and extending inward through the closed end thereof, an outletextending from the side of said head, laterally oppositethe inner end ofsaid pipe, and means for-limitingback-flow, which means form an annularimpact separation space at the open end of said head. 7

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 8th day of March,A. D. 1926.

CHARLES GILBERT HAWLEY.

